Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are often slow-growing and difficult to detect early, as their symptoms can be vague, intermittent, or mistaken for more common conditions. Early detection is critical in improving treatment options and long-term outcomes for people diagnosed with NETs.
Identifying these tumours before they spread allows for more effective surgical intervention, increases the likelihood of targeted therapies working, and improves overall survival rates. As such, early detection remains one of the key focus areas in ongoing neuroendocrine cancer research.
NeuroEndocrine Cancer Australia (NECA), is dedicated to assisting individuals diagnosed with NETs and their loved ones. NECA offers a wealth of resources, educational programs, and advocacy efforts aimed at deepening the understanding of NETs, improving patient care, and encouraging research advancements. Patients can engage with NECA’s comprehensive support and information by calling the NET nurse line.
Advances in biomarker discovery
Circulating tumour markers
One promising area of research is the identification of circulating tumour markers: substances found in the blood that indicate the presence of a tumour.
More innovative research has explored microRNA signatures and exosomal proteins as potential early indicators of NETs, particularly those originating in the gastrointestinal or pancreatic systems.
Genetic and epigenetic signatures
The use of genomic and epigenetic profiling has expanded significantly in NET research. Recent grant-supported studies have explored mutations in genes such as MEN1, DAXX, ATRX, and mTOR pathway regulators as risk factors or early indicators of NETs. Researchers are also investigating DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications that could serve as epigenetic flags (chemical modifications that attach to DNA or the proteins around which DNA is wrapped) for early tumour development. These efforts are beginning to yield risk profiles that may be applied in population screening and early diagnostic algorithms.
Imaging technologies under development
High-sensitivity imaging techniques
Another area of active investigation is the development of high-sensitivity imaging modalities. Innovations in PET/CT imaging, such as the use of novel radiotracers like 68Ga-DOTATATE, have improved the detection of small lesions in NET patients. Funded research is now pushing for even more refined imaging with hybrid PET/MRI systems that offer better contrast and reduced radiation exposure.
Artificial Intelligence in imaging
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning into diagnostic imaging is also gaining traction. Research funded through health innovation grants is exploring how AI can enhance image interpretation, particularly in identifying early-stage NETs that may be missed by the human eye. Algorithms are being trained to detect subtle patterns in scans that correlate with tumour activity, potentially enabling earlier intervention.
Population studies and risk modelling
Identifying high-risk groups
A growing body of epidemiological research is seeking to define which populations are most at risk for developing NETs. By analysing large datasets from national cancer registries, hospital admissions, and health insurance claims, researchers aim to develop predictive models for NET incidence. These models may consider factors such as age, family history, comorbidities, and lifestyle exposures.
Longitudinal studies
Long-term cohort studies are another essential component of NET research. Grant-funded projects are tracking individuals over time to observe the onset of symptoms, biomarker changes, and diagnostic milestones.
These longitudinal datasets allow researchers to test the predictive power of biomarkers and imaging techniques, while also providing insight into disease progression and outcomes. Such studies are particularly useful in understanding the often slow and variable nature of NET development.
Translating research into practice
Several clinical trials and pilot screening programs are now underway, supported by recent grant funding. These studies are testing the real-world utility of emerging biomarkers, imaging tools, and AI-driven diagnostic platforms in clinical settings.
For example, trials are exploring whether patients with vague gastrointestinal symptoms might benefit from targeted NET screening using a combination of blood tests and high-resolution imaging.
Challenges in implementation
Despite promising developments, implementing these early detection strategies in routine clinical practice presents several challenges. Cost is a significant barrier, particularly for advanced imaging and genomic profiling. There is also a need for increased clinician awareness and training in recognising early signs of NETs. Furthermore, many of the emerging tools require specialised interpretation, limiting their accessibility in regional or under-resourced healthcare settings.
Future directions
The future of early NET detection looks increasingly hopeful, thanks to sustained investment in biomarker discovery, imaging innovation, and risk modelling. As pilot programs demonstrate efficacy, broader implementation is likely to follow, especially if supported by health policy changes and public awareness campaigns. Researchers are calling for multi-centre collaborations and international data sharing to accelerate progress.
Ultimately, the integration of these advances into standard clinical care could lead to significant improvements in survival, symptom control, and quality of life for NET patients. With continued research support, we may be on the cusp of a new era in which neuroendocrine tumours are routinely identified before they become advanced, enabling earlier and more effective interventions.
Support resources for patients and healthcare providers
As new discoveries are made, it’s important that both patients and clinicians have access to reliable information and tools. NeuroEndocrine Cancer Australia (NECA) is instrumental in translating complex research findings into usable knowledge for the NET community. These organisations also support clinical trials, offer continuing education for professionals, and advocate for policy changes that facilitate early detection and equitable care.
A brighter future
NETs are complex, diverse, and historically under-recognised. But with sustained research funding, we are beginning to break new ground in early detection and diagnostic innovation. From biomarkers in the bloodstream to sophisticated imaging software and predictive algorithms, the path to earlier diagnosis is becoming clearer.
The more we invest in this work, the closer we get to changing the trajectory of NET care, turning late discovery into early action, and uncertainty into proactive treatment planning.
Further information and support for people diagnosed with NETs is available by calling the NECAÂ NET nurse line.
Sources
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https://neuroendocrine.org.au/research/
